Abstract This work aims to estimate the voltinism differences in the studied lines and the influence of biological and environmental variables on this trait. Three Bombyx mori. lines were used. One polyvoltine (Indian, C. Nichi) and two bivoltine (Chinese6-C6 and Japanese7-J7). Silkworms were reared under controlled conditions of temperature (24±1, 26±1, 28±1°C) and photoperiod (8-16, 12-12, 16-8 light/darkness) during the life cycle. The measured biological characters were duration of larval period (DLP), larval weight on fifth day of V instar (LW(V-5)), rate of weight (RWV), duration of life cycle (DLC), fecunditiy (NE), fertility (F) and voltinism (V). Voltinism was estimated using a linear regression model; the variables that influence voltinism were found using a multiple regression analysis; and the effect of environmental conditions on change of voltinism employing an ANOVA. The results show that the variables that affect voltinism are different for each line, which demonstrates the effect of the line factor. Nichi voltinism was affected by the six measured variables, while in C6 and J7 where voltinisms depends on the duration of diapause, some variables were excluded from the model. In Indian tropical polyvoltine, the temperature was the influencing factor, while in Chinese and Japanese bivoltines lines was the photoperiod.

Abstract The objective of the present study is to analyze whether the variable Curiosity is a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation. The multi-occupational sample of 883 Spanish and Colombian employees (49% men, 51% women) was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The data collected were processed with the SPSS 23.0 program. Statistically significant correlations were found among all the research variables except for Functional Impulsivity. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that Curiosity-D plays a moderating role between Dysfunctional Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the sense that Curiosity-D (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship between Dysfunctional Impulsivity (predictor variable) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (criterion variable).

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si la curiosidad es una variable moderadora entre la Impulsividad y la Orientación Emprendedora. Se utiliza una muestra multiocupacional de 883 empleados españoles (49 % hombres, 51 % mujeres), obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se ha utilizado el programa SPSS 23.0. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre todas las variables de la investigación a excepción de la impulsividad Funcional. Finalmente, la evidencia empírica indica que la Curiosidad-D tiene un papel moderador entre la impulsividad Disfuncional y la Orientación Emprendedora mostrada, en el sentido de que la Curiosidad-D (entendida como una variable cuantitativa) afecta la intensidad de la relación entre la Impulsividad Disfuncional (variable predictora) y la Orientación Emprendedora (variable de criterio).

Objetivo: analizar variables clínicas y costos directos de una muestra de pacientes con artritis reumatoide atendidos en un centro de gestión farmacoterapéutica avanzada en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: revisamos 408 historias clínicas del período 2007-2009 recogiendo información clínica y costos directos para el asegurador. Resultados: 337 mujeres (82,6%), edad promedio 49,8 años (rango 4-91). Costo promedio mes $1,31 millones en 2007, $1,71 millones en 2008 y $1,99 millones en 2009; 87,9% del costo está representado por medicamentos. Conclusiones: los costos de tratamiento van en aumento, los medicamentos representan una proporción importante del costo total.

Objective: to analyze clinical variables and direct costs of a sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis from a specialized pharmacotherapeutic management center in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: we reviewed 408 clinical files of the period 2007-2009 collecting clinical information and direct costs to a local private health insurer. Results: 337 women (82.6%), average age 49.8 (range 4-91). Average monthly cost increased from Col$1.31 million (around US$650) in 2007, to Col$1.71 million (~US$850) in 2008, and Col$1.99 million (~US$1000) in 2009; 87.9% of this cost represented by pharmaceuticals. Conclusions: costs of treatment are increasing, pharmaceuticals represent an important proportion of total cost.

Las picaduras de abeja en el ojo son entidades poco comunes y las reacciones oculares al veneno de abeja son amplias, pues van desde una leve conjuntivitis hasta la pérdida aguda de la visión. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que sufrió la picadura de una abeja en la córnea y la respuesta frente a los componentes de este veneno. Se realizó una revisión de las propiedades del veneno de abeja, su tratamiento actual y se propone una nueva alternativa de manejo.

Bee stings of the eye are uncommon entities and ocular reactions to the bee venom are wide, ranging from mild conjunctivitis to sudden vision loss. We present the case of a patient who suffered a bee sting of the cornea and the response to the poison components. We go through the bee venom properties, its actual treatment, and propose a new management alternative.